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CHILD CARE HOME: FOOD AND NUTRITION

Jana Funk
Extension Home Economist
Oklahoma State University

Copyright/Access Information


The Department of Human Services has set Food and Nutrition guidelines. Child care providers must follow these guidelines. For example:


Minimum Meal Pattern Plan for Children

 Meal  1 to 3 Years  3 to 6 Years  6 to 12 Years
 Breakfast      
 Milk, fluid  1/2 cup  3/4 cup  1 cup
 Juice or fruit  1/4 cup  1/2 cup  1/2 cup
 Cereal or bread      
 Enriched or whole grain bread  1/2 slice  1/2 slice  1 slice
 or cereal (cold, dry)  1/4 cup  1/3 cup  3/4 cup
 Cooked cereal or grains  1/4 cup  1/4 cup  1/2 cup
 Mid-morning or Mid-afternoon Snack      
 Milk, fluid, or juice; or fruit; or vegetable  1/2 cup  1/2 cup  1 cup milk, 3/4 cup juice
 Cereal or bread      
 Enriched or whole grain bread  1/2 slice  1/2 slice  1 slice
 or cereal  1/4 cup  1/3 cup  3/4 cup
 Cheese or meat  1/2 ounce  1/2 ounce  1 ounce
 Peanut butter  1 tablespoon  1 tablespoon  2 tablespoon


 Lunch or Supper
     
 Milk, Fluid  1/2 cup  3/4 cup  1 cup
 Meat and/or meat alternate      
 *Meat, poultry, or fish - cooked  1 ounce  1 1/2 ounces  2 ounces
 *Cheese  1 ounce  1 1/2 ounce  2 ounces
 Egg  1 egg  1 egg  1 egg
 Cooked dry beans or peas  1/4 cup  1 3/8 cup  1/2 cup
 Peanut butter  2 tablespoons  3 tablespoons  4 tablespoons
 Vegetables and fruit - 2 kinds  1/4 cup total  1/2 cup total  3/4 cup total
 Bread and bread alternates      
 Enriched or whole grain bread 1/2 slice 1 slice  1/2 slice  1/2 slice  1 slice
 Cooked pasta or noodle products  1/4 cup  1/4 cup  1/2 cup
 Cooked cereal grains  1/4 cup  1/4 cup  1/2 cup


*1 pound of meat or cheese meets minimum serving for 16 children 11 children 8 children
 Meal  1 to 3 Years  3 to 6 Years  6 to 12 Years
 Breakfast      
 Milk, fluid  1/2 cup  3/4 cup  1 cup
 Juice or fruit  1/4 cup  1/2 cup  1/2 cup
 Cereal or bread      
 Enriched or whole grain bread  1/2 slice  1/2 slice  1 slice
 or cereal (cold, dry)  1/4 cup  1/3 cup  3/4 cup
 Cooked cereal or grains  1/4 cup  1/4 cup  1/2 cup
 Mid-morning or Mid-afternoon Snack      
 Milk, fluid, or juice; or fruit; or vegetable  1/2 cup  1/2 cup  1 cup milk, 3/4 cup juice
 Cereal or bread      
 Enriched or whole grain bread  1/2 slice  1/2 slice  1 slice
 or cereal  1/4 cup  1/3 cup  3/4 cup
 Cheese or meat  1/2 ounce  1/2 ounce  1 ounce
 Peanut butter  1 tablespoon  1 tablespoon  2 tablespoon


 Lunch or Supper
     
 Milk, Fluid  1/2 cup  3/4 cup  1 cup
 Meat and/or meat alternate      
 *Meat, poultry, or fish - cooked  1 ounce  1 1/2 ounces  2 ounces
 *Cheese  1 ounce  1 1/2 ounce  2 ounces
 Egg  1 egg  1 egg  1 egg
 Cooked dry beans or peas  1/4 cup  1 3/8 cup  1/2 cup
 Peanut butter  2 tablespoons  3 tablespoons  4 tablespoons
 Vegetables and fruit - 2 kinds  1/4 cup total  1/2 cup total  3/4 cup total
 Bread and bread alternates      
 Enriched or whole grain bread 1/2 slice 1 slice  1/2 slice  1/2 slice  1 slice
 Cooked pasta or noodle products  1/4 cup  1/4 cup  1/2 cup
 Cooked cereal grains  1/4 cup  1/4 cup  1/2 cup
 *1 pound of meat or cheese meets minimum serving for  16 children  11 children  8 children


PROGRAM FOR FOOD REIMBURSEMENT

Call 405-521-3327 for the name of a child and adult care food program sponsor near you.

Save the Children is a non-profit organization dedicated to improving the lives of children. Child care home providers enrolled in this program are reimbursed monthly for the cost of food services for the children.

This program improves the diets of children in child care homes by helping the homes provide well-balanced meals. Participation in this program provides quality meals without passing on the added expense to the parents. The approximate rate of reimbursement per child per day enrolled or attending is as follows (FY93 rates):

Breakfast: $0.80
Lunch/supper: $1.4525
Snack: $0.4325
Per child, per day enrolled: $2.685
For one month (average 21 days), you can receive for one child: $55.28

Benefits include better nutrition for the children, a return of tax dollars to the community, and nutritional training for the child care home provider.

To participate in this program, the provider must accept several responsibilities. The provider must keep records of the food served and the number of meals served to children. The meals served must follow the U.S. Department of Agriculture food requirements. For more information on this food program contact:

Judy Pittman, Coordinator
Family Day Care Food Umbrella
Save the Children
1447 Peachtree St. N.E., Suite 700
Atlanta, Georgia 30309
Phone: 404-885-1578


BUYING FOOD

Read contents labels to be sure you are buying foods that will be good for the children. Be cautious of foods containing large amounts of salt (sodium) and sugar (dextrose, sucrose, and fructose). Try to avoid foods with additives and artificial colorings. Do not serve cereals with sugar among the first four ingredients.

Avoid serving pre-packaged foods. Convenience foods can cost more than foods made from scratch. Avoid non-nutritious snack foods such as foods high in sugar, like cookies, or in fat, such as potato-chips. Plan foods that will contribute to the children's daily nutritional needs. Include cooking and food preparation activities as part of your curriculum or daily activities. This will save time and will enhance children's knowledge of nutrition, math, sensory perception, and other skills. Contact your county OSU Extension Center for recipes that are quick and easy to make. Ask for circular C3306, "Meals in Minutes."

Be sensitive to family religions, nationalities, and ethnic backgrounds. The practice of different cultural customs develops self-esteem and cultural awareness for all children. Also, serving foods that the child knows and likes can create an important link between the child's home and your child care home.


WHAT IS THE CHILD CARE FOOD PROGRAM?

The Child Care Food Program is a federal food program that provides reimbursement for serving nutritious meals to children in licensed child care homes.

This program is funded by the United States Department of Agriculture and is administered at the State level by the State Department of Education.

The program is administered at the local level by Community Action Agencies or other non-profit organizations.


WHY SHOULD YOU PARTICIPATE IN THIS PROGRAM?


WHAT TYPE OF MEALS MUST BE SERVED?

Meals provided must meet the USDA requirements for meal patterns and portions.

Breakfast:
milk
fruit or juice
protein once a week
cereal or bread

Lunch/supper:
milk
meat or protein substitute
fruit or vegetable (two)
bread or grain

Snack:
any two of:
milk
fruit or vegetable
bread or cereal
meat or protein substitute


WHAT ARE OTHER RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE LICENSED CHILD CARE HOME PROVIDER?

To annually have your home approved as a licensed child care home.

To participate in sponsor training sessions on menu planning and nutrition.

To maintain proper records of meals, the number of children served each meal type each day, and enrollment.


IS THIS INCOME TAXABLE?

The portion of the reimbursement which covers your food costs is not taxable!

The remaining portion is considered as payment for your labor and is taxable.

If your food costs exceed your amount of reimbursement, then the excess is considered a business expense and is tax deductible.

For More Information
Call 405-521-3327 for the name of a Child and Adult Care Food Program sponsor near you.

Requirements Checklist:
- Licensed Family Day Care Home
- Record of the number of meals
- Record of the number of children
- Provide/post weekly menus
- Send information to sponsoring organization
- Serve appropriate foods by following USDA and licensing guidelines
- Document food expenses with receipts


Prepared by:
Kristi Clapp - Director, CACFP
United Community Action Program, Inc.
P.O. Box 384
Pawnee, Oklahoma 74058-0384
Phone: 918-762-2628


CONSIDERING

PRESCHOOLERS AND FOOD

Information from the Southern Association on Children Under Six

Getting preschool children to eat balanced meals is a challenge that most teachers, aides, and administrators have had to meet. The children's appetites diminish as they grow more slowly. At the same time, they have become more determined to be independent and often assert their wills by rejecting foods offered to them.

Most child care providers know that young children tend to enjoy meats, cereals, baked products, fruits, desserts, and sweet juices. They commonly dislike cooked vegetables, mixed dishes, and foods that have a coarse texture. Fibrous meats, such as roasts, are the most difficult foods for preschoolers to eat. But the situation is not hopeless. Preschoolers do become more willing to try new foods as they grow. Many children will happily sample a food that they rejected just days earlier.

Parents may be overly concerned about their children's eating habits or misunderstand the normal course of child development. Help parents set reasonable goals for expanding their children's diets and reassure them that setbacks are natural.

Here are some specific ideas for helping young children eat healthy, balanced meals.

- Be sure that all of the foods you offer are nutritious. Avoid "junk foods" that are high in salt, fats, and sugar.

- Always remember that eating is one of the fundamental pleasures of life. Share that feeling with children in your charge.

- Respect young children's strong dislikes of certain foods. It is not possible to argue them into eating something that repulses them. Just substitute another item with as little comment as possible, so that the child's refusal to eat something does not become an issue.

- Continue serving small portions (one to two teaspoons) of vegetables so that meals are balanced, even if children do not eat them.

- A pleasant lesson about vegetables and some encouragement for children to eat them may increase their popularity.

- Serve very small portions of all foods, making "seconds" available for any children who want them.

- Serve the children who eat slowly first so that no one need be rushed to finish the meal or snack.

- Cooking classes for young children (and their parents) are another way to introduce new foods and serving techniques.

- Invite parents to join the group for breakfast, lunch, or snacks.

- Serve meals at the same time each day. This allows children to develop a rhythm of hunger. You may need to serve snacks later or lunch earlier if you notice much unhappiness around 11 a.m.

- Do not allow children to become overly tired before lunch or snacktime. They can feel too tired to eat.

- Make mealtimes and snacktimes pleasant occasions. Celebrate good table manners and friendly conversation. This will reinforce the idea that eating is a happy activity, not a stressful one.


This material was provided by the SACUS Health Committee with some modifications for reproduction by Oklahoma State University Cooperative Extension Service. For more information, contact OSU's parenting specialist.

CONSIDERING is an information service of the Southern Association of Children Under Six (SACUS) [Now Southern Early Childhood Association 1-800-305-7322]. For more information about SACUS, write P.O. Box 5403 Brady Station, Little Rock, AR, 72215 or call 501-663-0353.



DOCUMENT USE/COPYRIGHT
National Network for Child Care - NNCC. Part of CYFERNET, the National Extension Service
Children Youth and Family Educational Research Network. Permission is granted to reproduce
these materials in whole or in part for educational purposes only (not for profit beyond the cost of
reproduction) provided that the author and Network receive acknowledgment and this notice is
included:

Reprinted with permission from the National Network for Child Care - NNCC. Wilson, E. & Burns, M. (1993). Food and Nutrition (HBB7-8). In Child care home. Stillwater, OK: Oklahoma State University Cooperative Extension Service.

Any additions or changes to these materials must be preapproved by the author .

COPYRIGHT PERMISSION
Elaine Wilson
Parenting Specialist
233 HES
Oklahoma State University
Stillwater, OK 74074-6111
Phone: 405-744-6231
Fax: 405-744-7113
Email: emwilson@okway.okstate.edu

AVAILABLE FROM

Oklahoma State Universtiy
Central Mailing Services
115 University Printing
Stillwater, OK 74078-7001


FORMAT AVAILABLE: :: Series - In Print - 58 pages
DOCUMENT REVIEW: Level 2 - Oklahoma State University Extension
DOCUMENT SIZE:: 23K or 6 pages
ENTRY DATE:: December 1996

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